National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 02-15-2008 raster digital data Science \\ebm\homes\data\marine_threats\data\completed\impacts\transformed\uv\grid\uv Science 02-15-2008 uv The intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the surface of Earth was measured from August 1996 to July 2004 as part of the GSFC TOMS EP/TOMS satellite program at NASA. These data have been processed by NASA to isolate the amount of erythemal UV light (the UV-B spectrum of UV light that is most harmful to organisms; 315-280 nm wavelength) that reaches Earth's surface (data available at http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.NASA/.GSFC/.TOMS/.EPTOMS/.monthly/.uv/) (S21). Data are reported as the average Joules (J) per m2 per month at one-degree cell 12 (~110 km by 110 km) resolution for the areas between 65°S to 65°N. We used these data to calculate the climatological mean and standard deviation of erythemal UV light reaching each 1-degree cell for each month. Our measure of anomalously high values (i.e., a potential response to climate change) was the number of times between 2000 and 2004 that the monthly average exceeded the climatological mean + 1 standard deviation. These values were summed across the 12 months to provide a single value, ranging from 0-19, representing the number of anomalous values in that particular location over the entire 5 years. We did not use the metric of change in these anomalous values from the early period to the current period, as was done for SST data, since the entire UV dataset covers only 9 years. As with SST data above, our approach to modeling the impact of changing UV on ecosystems assumes equivalent impacts within and among different regions. Local factors such as small-scale shading and oceanography and the presence of UV-resistant species may help make some locations more tolerant than others. The data also only span 9 years, so historical levels of UV, against which to compare current levels, are not known. However, if the strong correlation between SST anomaly values for recent and historic years (see above) is generalizable, the UV results for the most recent years are likely an adequate measure of spatial variance in the impact of UV on current ecosystems. These data also do not include polar regions and so cumulative impact scores in these regions will be slightly underestimated, however most of the southern polar region is land (Antarctica) and much of the northern polar region is covered in ice for much of the year where we do not calculate cumulative impact scores. What happens in the vast stretches of the world's oceans - both wondrous and worrisome - has too often been out of sight, out of mind. The sea represents the last major scientific frontier on planet earth - a place where expeditions continue to discover not only new species, but even new phyla. The role of these species in the ecosystem, where they sit in the tree of life, and how they respond to environmental changes really do constitute mysteries of the deep. Despite technological advances that now allow people to access, exploit or affect nearly all parts of the ocean, we still understand very little of the ocean's biodiversity and how it is changing under our influence. The goal of the research presented here is to estimate and visualize, for the first time, the global impact humans are having on the ocean's ecosystems. Our analysis, published in Science February 15, 2008, shows that over 40% of the world's oceans are heavily affected by human activities and few if any areas remain untouched. Please see supplimental online materials for more information. en 02-15-2008 publication date Complete As needed -180.000000 180.000000 90.000000 -90.000000 -18040095.19613218040134.245271-9020047.3480709020067.372632 REQUIRED: Reference to a formally registered thesaurus or a similar authoritative source of theme keywords. impact marine global modeling global ocean marine current 2007 2008 Data available from NCEAS is distributable (please cite correctly). Please contact before distributing dirived data. For original data, please visit http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine For distribution of orignal data, please use proper citation. Ben Halpern National Center for Ecological Analysys and Synthesis Assistant Research Scientists mailing and physical address

735 State Street

Santa Barbara California 93101 USA (805)-892-2531 (805)-892-2510 halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu National Center for Ecologial Analysis and Synthesis Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.0.1324 Raster Dataset Raster Grid Cell 19305 38610 1 934.478877934.47887732Upper LeftFALSEDefault1matrix valuesTRUE row and column 934.478877 934.478877 meters Mollweide0.0000000.0000000.000000 D_WGS_1984WGS_19846378137.000000298.257224 GCS_WGS_1984WGS_1984_Mollweide National Center for Ecoogical Analysys and Synthesis http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine Downloadable Data -1241.859 -1241.859 20080213 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Colin Ebert GIS Analyst REQUIRED: The mailing and/or physical address for the organization or individual. REQUIRED: The city of the address. REQUIRED: The state or province of the address. REQUIRED: The ZIP or other postal code of the address. 805-892-2500 ebert@nceas.ucsb.edu http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine/ FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile enhttp://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.htmlESRI Metadata Profile {C8F710A7-524E-4E6A-AB3C-9084D6B5587C}2008021310113500FALSE20080213152824002008021315282400Metadata imported.C:\DOCUME~1\Ebert\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml6E.tmp2008021310113500Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.0.1324uv-18040095.19613218040134.2452719020067.372632-9020047.348071-18018090-901ISO 19115 Geographic Information - MetadataDIS_ESRI1.0datasetfile://\\ebm\homes\data\marine_threats\data\completed\impacts\transformed\uv\grid\uvLocal Area Network002-1241.859Raster DatasetWGS_1984_Mollweide2138610934.4789Meter1 Meter = 1 Meter(s)19305934.4789Meter1 Meter = 1 Meter(s)20080213