National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 02-15-2008 Commercial Activity {Shipping} (transformed) raster digital data Science \\ebm\homes\data\marine_threats\data\completed\impacts\transformed\shipping\grid\shipping Science 02-15-2008 A Global Map of human impact on marine ecosystems shipping Commercial shipping activity can lead to ship strikes of large animals, noise pollution, and a risk of ship groundings or sinkings. Ships from many countries voluntarily participate in collecting meteorological data globally, and therefore also 7 report the location of the ship. We used data collected from 12 months beginning October 2004 (collected as part of the World Meteorological Organization Voluntary Observing Ships Scheme; http://www.vos.noaa.gov/vos_scheme.shtml) as this year had the most ships with vetted protocols and so provides the most representative estimate of global ship locations. The data include unique identifier codes for ships (mobile or a single datum) and stationary buoys and oil platforms (multiple data at a fixed location); we removed all stationary and single point ship data, leaving 1,189,127 mobile ship data points from a total of 3,374 commercial and research vessels, representing roughly 11% of the 30,851 merchant ships >1000 gross tonnage at sea in 2005 (S14). We then connected all mobile ship data to create ship tracks, under the assumption that ships travel in straight lines (a reasonable assumption since ships minimize travel distance in an effort to minimize fuel costs). Finally, we removed any tracks that crossed land (e.g. a single ship that records its location in the Atlantic and the Pacific would have a track connected across North America), buffered the remaining 799,853 line segments to be 1 km wide to account for the width of shipping lanes, summed all buffered line segments to account for overlapping ship tracks, and converted summed ship tracks to raster data. This produced 1 km2 raster cells with values ranging from 0 to 1,158, the maximum number of ship tracks recorded in a single 1 km2 cell. Because the VOS program is voluntary, much commercial shipping traffic is not captured by these data. Therefore our estimates of the impact of shipping are biased (in an unknown way) to locations and types of ships engaged in the program. In particular, high traffic locations may be strongly underestimated, although the relative impact on these areas versus low-traffic areas appears to be well-captured by the available data (Fig. S2), and areas identified as without shipping may actually have low levels of ship traffic. Furthermore, because ships report their location with varying distance between signals, ship tracks are estimates of the actual shipping route taken. What happens in the vast stretches of the world's oceans - both wondrous and worrisome - has too often been out of sight, out of mind. The sea represents the last major scientific frontier on planet earth - a place where expeditions continue to discover not only new species, but even new phyla. The role of these species in the ecosystem, where they sit in the tree of life, and how they respond to environmental changes really do constitute mysteries of the deep. Despite technological advances that now allow people to access, exploit or affect nearly all parts of the ocean, we still understand very little of the ocean's biodiversity and how it is changing under our influence. The goal of the research presented here is to estimate and visualize, for the first time, the global impact humans are having on the ocean's ecosystems. Our analysis, published in Science February 15, 2008, shows that over 40% of the world's oceans are heavily affected by human activities and few if any areas remain untouched. Please see supplimental online materials for more information. en 02-15-2008 publication date Complete As needed -180.000000 180.000000 90.000000 -90.000000 -18040095.19613218040134.245271-9020047.3480709020067.372632 REQUIRED: Reference to a formally registered thesaurus or a similar authoritative source of theme keywords. impact marine global modeling global ocean marine current 2007 2008 Data available from NCEAS is distributable (please cite correctly). Please contact before distributing dirived data. For original data, please visit http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine For distribution of orignal data, please use proper citation. Ben Halpern National Center for Ecological Analysys and Synthesis Assistant Research Scientists mailing and physical address
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Santa Barbara California 93101 USA (805)-892-2531 (805)-892-2510 halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu National Center for Ecologial Analysis and Synthesis Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.0.1324 Raster Dataset Raster Grid Cell 19305 38610 1 934.478877934.47887732Upper LeftFALSEDefault1matrix valuesTRUE row and column 934.478877 934.478877 meters Mollweide0.0000000.0000000.000000 D_WGS_1984WGS_19846378137.000000298.257224 GCS_WGS_1984WGS_1984_Mollweide National Center for Ecoogical Analysys and Synthesis http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine Downloadable Data -1241.859 -1241.859 20080213 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Colin Ebert GIS Analyst REQUIRED: The mailing and/or physical address for the organization or individual. REQUIRED: The city of the address. REQUIRED: The state or province of the address. REQUIRED: The ZIP or other postal code of the address. 805-892-2500 ebert@nceas.ucsb.edu http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine/ FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile enhttp://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.htmlESRI Metadata Profile {1076DA5F-D3F6-4E35-BDAF-812BE9546EF5}2008021310112100FALSE20080213152753002008021315275300Metadata imported.C:\DOCUME~1\Ebert\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml6C.tmp20080213Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.0.1324shipping-18040095.19613218040134.2452719020067.372632-9020047.348071-18018090-901ISO 19115 Geographic Information - MetadataDIS_ESRI1.0datasetfile://\\ebm\homes\data\marine_threats\data\completed\impacts\transformed\shipping\grid\shippingLocal Area Network002-1241.859Raster DatasetWGS_1984_Mollweide2138610934.4789Meter1 Meter = 1 Meter(s)19305934.4789Meter1 Meter = 1 Meter(s)20080213