National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 02-15-2008 raster digital data Science \\ebm\homes\data\marine_threats\data\completed\impacts\transformed\oil\grid\oil Science 02-15-2008 oil Structures built in the ocean leave a footprint of destroyed habitat where they are built. Such structures include gas and communication pipelines and oil extraction rigs. Data for the former are not freely available, and so we focused on oil rigs as an estimate of the effect of this activity on ocean ecosystems. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) produces nominally 1 km2 data on the location of stable lights at night, the Stable Lights of the World dataset (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp). Image and data processing were conducted by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), with ephemeral sources of lights (e.g. fires, mobile structures) removed. On land, stable lights at night represent human settlements with electricity; in the ocean these stable lights are primarily flares from oil rigs (in contrast to squid and shrimp boat lights which move from night to night or even within nights and produce a different and discernable spectral signal). We focus here on the stable flares data from NGDC, isolated through spectral analysis. We used data from the most recent year, 2003, reported at 30 arc-second (~1 km2) resolution. We reclassified each cell as presence/absence of light, and clipped the data to the ocean cells. What happens in the vast stretches of the world's oceans - both wondrous and worrisome - has too often been out of sight, out of mind. The sea represents the last major scientific frontier on planet earth - a place where expeditions continue to discover not only new species, but even new phyla. The role of these species in the ecosystem, where they sit in the tree of life, and how they respond to environmental changes really do constitute mysteries of the deep. Despite technological advances that now allow people to access, exploit or affect nearly all parts of the ocean, we still understand very little of the ocean's biodiversity and how it is changing under our influence. The goal of the research presented here is to estimate and visualize, for the first time, the global impact humans are having on the ocean's ecosystems. Our analysis, published in Science February 15, 2008, shows that over 40% of the world's oceans are heavily affected by human activities and few if any areas remain untouched. Please see supplimental online materials for more information. en 02-15-2008 publication date Complete As needed -180.000000 180.000000 90.000000 -90.000000 -18040095.19613218040134.245271-9020047.3480709020067.372632 REQUIRED: Reference to a formally registered thesaurus or a similar authoritative source of theme keywords. impact marine global modeling global ocean marine current 2007 2008 Data available from NCEAS is distributable (please cite correctly). Please contact before distributing dirived data. For original data, please visit http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine For distribution of orignal data, please use proper citation. Ben Halpern National Center for Ecological Analysys and Synthesis Assistant Research Scientists mailing and physical address

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Santa Barbara California 93101 USA (805)-892-2531 (805)-892-2510 halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu National Center for Ecologial Analysis and Synthesis Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.0.1324 Raster Dataset Raster Grid Cell 19305 38610 1 934.478877934.4788778Upper LeftFALSEDefault1matrix valuesTRUE row and column 934.478877 934.478877 meters Mollweide0.0000000.0000000.000000 D_WGS_1984WGS_19846378137.000000298.257224 GCS_WGS_1984WGS_1984_Mollweide National Center for Ecoogical Analysys and Synthesis http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine Downloadable Data 9.840 9.840 20080213 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Colin Ebert GIS Analyst REQUIRED: The mailing and/or physical address for the organization or individual. REQUIRED: The city of the address. REQUIRED: The state or province of the address. REQUIRED: The ZIP or other postal code of the address. 805-892-2500 ebert@nceas.ucsb.edu http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/GlobalMarine/ FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile enhttp://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.htmlESRI Metadata Profile {37BD88E8-8E04-42C9-9EB7-A2A015812B7F}2008021310104100FALSE20080213152545002008021315254500Metadata imported.C:\DOCUME~1\Ebert\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml66.tmp2008021310104100Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.0.1324oil-18040095.19613218040134.2452719020067.372632-9020047.348071-18018090-901ISO 19115 Geographic Information - MetadataDIS_ESRI1.0datasetfile://\\ebm\homes\data\marine_threats\data\completed\impacts\transformed\oil\grid\oilLocal Area Network0029.840Raster DatasetWGS_1984_Mollweide2138610934.4789Meter1 Meter = 1 Meter(s)19305934.4789Meter1 Meter = 1 Meter(s)20080213